Liquid-fuel burner



1. D. LORD. Lloum FUEL Allmmirz. APPLICATION FILED SEPTJG, 1919.

LTlLUIfd Patented Nov. 1, 1921.v

J. D. LORD.

LIQUID FUEL BURNER.

APPLICATION FILED SEPT.16,1919.

13,395,846.. Patented Nov. 1, 1921.

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@Mam/0V @MMV/J' 11mm v JDHQN D. LORD, OF WINTHROP, MASSACHUSETTS.

LIQUID-FUEL BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Nomi, 31.921.

Application led September 16, 1919. Serial No. 324,107.

' improvements in liquid fuel burners of that general type including a mixing burner head arranged to vdischarge into a combustion chamber which has associated therewith a generator forl supplying pressure vapor to the burner head to produce proper discharge of the fuel liquid therethrough.v

-It is in general the object of my invention to improve the combustion efliciency and the reliability of operation of burners of this character, and it is more particularly my object to insure such treatment of the fuel liquid as to insure complete consumption, particularly by breaking upy thechemical composition ofthe fuel liquid incidental to its discharge from the burner head whereby the fuel liquid will combine with `the pressure vapor to form a water-gas combination.

A further object resides in lthe provision of an arrangement which further insures complete combustion by the maintenance of a temperature in the combustion chamber which is in excess of thel igniting temperature of the fuel liquid, and I compass this object .by providing a combustion chamber having such restricted vdimensions to maintain this temperature in the operation of the burner.

'Amore detailed object resides in the provision of a vburner structure having the afore recited characteristics which may be readily adjusted within certain limits of capacity and wherein means is provided to prevent clogging of the burner head passages by scales formed incidental to the generation of steam kin the burner apparatus.

With the above and other objects and advantages in View, which will be apparent as the description proceeds, my invention resides in the novel features of construction, combination and arrangement of parts as hereinafter described and 'defined by the appended claims.

In the accompanying drawings:

Figure lis a longitudinal sectional view through a liquid fuel burner embodying my invention, the plane of this section with respect to the combustion chamber and gen` lerator being indicated by the line 1-1 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 2 is an elevational view of the generator chamber, portions thereof being broken away.

Fig. 3 is a side elevational View of the combustion and generator chambers.

Referring now more particularly to the drawings, I provide a pressure vapor generating chamber formed by an annular casing 5, the cross sectional area of the chamber befing elongated in the plane of the annulus, and being taperingly reduced in width toward the inner periphery of the annulus to afford substantially a pear shaped cross section. This generator casing also forms the front wall of the combustion chamber A and the cylindrical fire brick casing 6 of the combustion chamber abuts one side of the casing A, the combustion chamber being partially closed at its rear by a rearwardly inclined partition wall 7 extending from one side of. the casing 6 and terminating adjacent'the other side of the casing 6, the combustlon chamber A thus having a restricted inlet defined by the inner periphery of the casing 5, and having a still more restricted outlet defined by the free edge of the partition wall 7 and by the opposed side wall portion of the opposed chamber casing 6, the' casing 6 being continued a slight distance past the partition 7 and taperingly reduced to form a discharge mouth for the heat carrying combustion gases, the casing 6 being adapted to discharge into a furnace or other space to bevheated, and the process of combustion may be ycarried on rearwardly of the partition wall 7, although it is primarily noted that sufficient combustion takes place in the combustion chamber A to maintain the atmosphere and walls of said chamber at a degree of heat in excess of the igniting or combining point of the fuel liquid discharged thereinto. The casings 6 and 7 are connected together by a pair of semi-circular clamping band sections 8 fitting against the intermediate portion of the casing 6 and having their end portions outturned to provide ears for the reception of the clamping bolts, a pairof upper and lower hook members 10 and 1l being mounted on these bolts and being adapted to engage about the outer periphery of the generator casing 5. The lower hook member is extended pat S. bolt i 9 for engagement with the casing 6,y While the other hook member terminates' at its respective bolt 9 and is .thus freely pivotal whereby it may be swung to engage or disengage the casing 5 and thus provide for readily attaching and detaching the casin 6. f

y improved burner head comprises an outer casing 12 having a longitudinal bore therethrough and having an enlargement at one side wherein is provided a longitudinal oil passage 13, said bore and passage being open at the inner end of the casing block. A sleeve 14 is disposed in the main bore of the casing block,.12 and has threaded connection with the inner end portion of the block, the major portion of the block being counterbored to form a vapor chamber 15 which is closed at the outer end of the block by a sleeve 16 fitting about the tube 14 and threaded in said counterbore, this sleeve being provided with a suitable packinggland. To provide an adjustable mixlng and vaporizing assage for the burner head, a block 18 is tted against the inner end of the'casing blo k 12, and is provided with a bore in whic is disposed a passage sleeve 19, said sleeve being provided with an enlargement at its outer end disposed in a countersink of the bore of the block, and being retained in place by a plate 20 fitted against the outer end of the lock and sleeve enlargement, said plate being in turn engaged by the inturned flange portion 21 of a sleeve 22 disposed about -the -block and plate and threaded on the inner end portion of the casing block 12. The inner portion of the block 18 is recessed to form a small oil chamber communicating with the passa eway 13 and with the mixing sleeve 19. he inner end of said sleeve 19 is beveled'on an angle of. approximately 45 and forms a valve seat for the correspondingly beveled end of the tube 14, said end of the tube 14 being reduced in bore to form a nozzle passage slightly smaller in diameter than the passage of the mixing sleeve 19. Pressure vapor is supplied to the chamber 15 of the casing block by a pipe line 23 having one end threaded in the casing block and having its other end threaded in the upper portion of the outer periphery of'the Ienerator casing 5, said p1pe line lncidenta ly serving to support the burner head adjacent thev gen-y erator casing and inaxial'alinement therewith. The intermediate portion of the'tube 14 is provided with a series of apertures whereby it forms substantially a screen for vapor to pass into the interior of the tube, the apertures being, however, no greater in size than the nozzle passage of the tube. The outer end of the tube 14 is closed by a screw plug 24 threaded therein.

Water 1s supplied to the lower ortion of the generator casing through a plpe line 25 in which is disposed a control valve-26, the handle portion 27 of said valve being provided with an abutment screw 28 whereby the opening movement of said valve may be accurately determined since `the amount of water admitted to the generator. chamber plays a material part in the operation of the burner. v 4 4 Describing now the operation of my improved burner apparatus and assuming normal operating conditionsto exist, a temperature is maintained in the combustion chamber A which may range from 1800 F., which insures combining of the fuel vapor to `a temperature of approximately 30Q0 F. This generator may 'incidentally be formed of a bronze having a proportion one part tin to 32 parts of copper whereby to meet the severe condition imposed. Water, upon entering the generator chamber is thus instantly converted into steam and this steam in passing about the generator to the burner head pipe line 23, 1s changed to highly super-heated vapor, leaving the generator at a temperature of approxlmatel 1000 F. The disposition of this vapor in\t e chamber 15 of the burner head heats the casing block 12 and thus raises the temperature of the oil .in the supply passageway 13 to a point slightly below its boiling point. The vapor leaves the tube 14 and co-mingles with the oil atta temperature in excess of the disintegration temperature of steam, and probably noted that the oil is projected into the jet of pressurevapor in a frusto-conical stream, whereby to procure maximum initial admixture.- The discharge 'from the burner head lires as it passes the center'oif the generator chamber 5, by reason of the intenseI heat maintained by the restricted size of the com- 5 bustion chamber A, sufcientv air being drawn in through the combustion chamber.

'with the column of material discharged vfrom the burner head to provide adequate 'I supply of oxygen. The conditions of operation are such within the combustion chamber that-the interior thereof is somewhat transparent and blue in color, and when the vprocessof combustion 'is carried on rearwardl of the combustion chamber A a light blue ame is in evidence, thus indicating burning conditions similar to those of thorouhly carbureted community service gas.

reason ofthe peculiar shape and constituent material of my generator casing 5, the expansions and contractions `thereof incidental to the operation of the burner prevents continued formation of scale on the wall of the casing, and such scale as may be formed is churned about in the casing in such manner as to prevent an excess accumulation thereof, the scale being thus ground and carried through the pipe line 23 into the vapor chamber 15 of the burner head, and if such particles of scale would be too large to pass through the screen opening of the tube 14 and through thev nozzle end of said tube, such scale would churn about in the chamber 15 until roperly reduced, thus preventing clogglng of the burner apparatus with scale at any point, and thus providing for the continuous discharge of scale from the apparatus. The mixing and jet passages of the burner head may be cleaned by removing the screw plug 26 of the tube 14 and passing a fine wlre through the tube.

The capacity of the apparatus may be adjusted within certain limits by providing tubes 14 and mixing sleeves 19 havino di'erent sizes of bore, and such tubes and sleeves lxpayi be readily substituted in the burner Operation of the burner head is controlled by rotating the tube 14 which forms practically a hollow needle valve to control the low of oil, and by admitting a greater or lesser amount of water to the generator by means of the valve 25 to thus control the degree of pressure of water vapor.

While 1 have shown and described a preferred embodiment of my invention, it will be appreciated that various changes and modifications of structure may be employed to meet different conditions of manufacture and use without departing in any manner from the spirit of my invention.

What is claimed is:

1. An oil burner comprising an annular water vaporgenerating chamber, means for supplying water thereto, a cylindrical combustion chamber at one side of said generating chamber, and a nozzle at the other side of the enerating chamber, in communication wit said generating chamber and having a fuel inlet port whereby said fuel and water vapor are mixed to ether, said nozzle being so disposed as to discharge said mixture through the space inclosed by said annular generating chamber into the combustion chamber.

2. A `burner apparatus comprising an annular water vapor generating chamber means for supplying water thereto, a cylindrical combustion chamber casing having one end engaged against one side of the generating chamber, a partition extending partly across the rear portion of the combustion chamber casing, a mixing chamberarranged to dis- 1 charge through the annular generating chamber and having fuel and vapor inlet vports and a connection between the vapor inlet port and the generator.

3. A burner apparatus comprising an annular water vapor generating chamber, cylindrical combustion chamber casing having one end engaged against one side of the generating chamber, a partition extendingl partly across the rear portion of the combustion chamber casing, a mixing chambery arranged to discharge through the annular generating chamber and having fuel and vapor inlet ports and a yconnection between the vapor in the port and the generator, the combustion chamber defined by said generator,`cylindrical casing and partition wall being of such restricted dimensions as to maintain therein upon ignition of fuel liquid, a temperature in excess of'the combinin temperature of the fuel liquid.

4.` burner apparatusincluding an annular water vapor generator casing having its inner peripheral portion taperlngly reduced to rform a substantially pear shaped cross section, a combustion chamber at one side of said generator casing, and a mixing chamber at the other side of the generator casing in communication with said generator casing and having a fuel inlet port and arranged to discharge through the space inclosed by said annular generator casing into said combustion chamber. "c

5. A burner apparatus comprising an annular water vapor generating casing, a cylindrical combustion chamber casing having one end engaged against the side of the generator casing, lmeans connecting said casings', and a mixing chamber disposed at the other side of the generator casing and in communication with the generator casing, and means for supplying fuel to the mixing chamber, said mixing chamber being arranged to discharge through the space inclosed by the generator casing into said combustion chamber.

6. In a burner apparatus, a burner head casing having one end portion reduced, a sleeve extending through the burner head casing and threaded in the reduced portion thereof, said sleeve being provided with apertures in its intermediate portion and having its bore reduced at its threaded end portion, a pressure vapor inlet port in said casing, means for'discharging superheated steam therethrough, a fluid chamber at the reduced end portion ofthe casing, a mixing passageway extending from said chamber means for supplying oil thereto and a seat for the tube in said fuel chamber about said mixing passageway. V

7. In a burner apparatus, a burner head casing block provided with a bore extendtube extending through the bore and formmuncating therewith and With the `fuel ing a pressure vapor chamber in conjuction inlet passageway. 10 with the major countersunk portion of the In testimony that I claim the foregoing bore, said tube being provided With aper- I have hereunto set my hand at Winthrop, tures at its intermedlate portion, means for n the county of Suolk and State of Massupplying vapor to the chamber through sachusetts. said apertures and a mixing-passageway extending fromA the end of the tube and com- JOHN D. LORD. 

